化石燃料電廠淨零轉型策略芻議

IEA淨零路徑圖建議2040年前應淘汰未實施減排措施之燃煤電廠。電力部門擁有大量使用年限長且資本密集之資產，臺灣現有火力機組占總裝置容量70.1%，需採取減排措施。CCUS為電力部門淨零轉型有效手段，可提升既有資產效能，亦有助於快速擴大產製低碳氫能。篩選2040年與2050年時經濟壽命期間內之燃煤燃氣機組，分階段導入碳捕捉技術，估計至2050年CCS技術捕捉4.4億噸、DACCS與BECCS捕捉1,437萬噸，可望促成電力部門達至淨零。透過無碳電力憑證機制，可將導入CCUS電廠價值鏈外溫室氣體減量轉換成價值鏈內溫室氣體減量。淨零轉型過程中，需採用包括財政在內之各種政策促成CCUS相關市場，達成化石燃料電廠淨零轉型。同時搭配鼓勵氫能與生質燃料生產、各行業共用二氧化碳輸送與封存基礎設施；並以國家隊規格結合國內外企業實力，促成產業樞紐升級。

提升我國民眾對碳捕獲與封存技術接受度之策略建議

二氧化碳捕獲與封存技術(Carbon Capture and Storage, 簡稱CCS)於減緩氣候變遷與提供能源安全扮演舉足輕重的角色，國際能源總署所發表的2010年能源技術展望報告指出，CCS是對抗氣候變遷、組成最小成本溫室氣體減量方案的必要手段之一。我國環保署提出之2025年國家溫室氣體減量調適(NAMAs)草案中，已將CCS納入溫室氣體減量措施，規劃協助二氧化碳減量2,754萬噸，若要達此目標我國需在2016年前展開碳捕獲與封存技術商轉示範計畫。而推動碳捕獲與封存技術進入商業規模應用的重要潛在阻擋因素為民眾接受度(Public Acceptance)；因此，各國在推動碳捕獲與封存計畫之同時，亦同步展開相關民眾宣導(Public Outreach)。

參酌國外碳捕獲與封存計畫與國內許多重大工程推行經驗，民眾接受度對大型計畫是否能順利進行具有決定性的影響。本文彙整國際間提出的民眾宣導的最佳實務作法，提出提升我國民眾對碳捕獲與封存技術接受度之策略建議，作為國內未來推動碳捕獲與封存商轉級示範計畫之參考。

台灣民眾對碳捕獲與封存技術認知度探討

碳捕獲與封存技術是對抗氣候變遷、組成最小成本溫室氣體減量方案的必要手段。台灣擁有豐富的二氧化碳封存地質潛能，推動碳捕獲與封存技術有助於達成國家減碳目標、穩定能源供應、發展新興能源展業，為打造產業低碳發展環境、邁向永續低碳社會過程中之必要選項。參酌國外碳捕獲與封存計畫與國內許多重大工程推行經驗，民眾接受度對大型計畫是否能順利進行具有決定性的影響。民眾對碳捕獲與封存技術的認知與支持度因技術本身風險特性有其敏感性，國際情勢轉變、能源科技發展突破、能源與溫室氣體減量政策調整，乃至社會事件與政治活動等都有可能影響民眾對碳捕獲與封存技術的認知與支持度。為瞭解台灣一般民眾對碳捕獲與封存接受度，本研究對台灣地區進行抽樣電話訪問之全面調查，並於台灣北部、中部舉辦民眾小型座談會，深入瞭解台灣民眾對全球暖化與氣候變遷的感受、對環保能源科技與各種資訊來源的信賴度、對碳捕獲與封存技術的關切課題，最後綜整提出提升台灣民眾對碳捕獲與封存接受度的建議。

台灣民眾對碳捕獲與封存技術認知度初探

碳捕獲與封存技術為對抗氣候變遷必要手段,台灣擁有豐富的二氧化碳封存 地質,具有推動與發展此技術的潛力。參酌國內外經驗可知,民眾接受度為 能否順利進行的關鍵,而技術風險之敏感性、國際情勢轉變、能源科技突 破、節能減碳政策,乃至社會事件與政治活動等因素,都會影響接受的程 度。本文藉由一系列深入調查,瞭解台灣民眾對相關議題的看法,最後針對 提高民眾碳捕獲與封存技術接受度提出建議,供各界參考。

Development Strategies of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Industry Cluster in Taiwan

With other countries working actively to develop CCS technology and related industries, how can Taiwan approach the challenge of having the government coordinate the capabilities of government, industry, universities and research institutes and domestic and international technology, formulating a carbon reduction strategy to stimulate market demand, and making effective use of the extensive potential that geological conditions give Taiwan for carbon sequestration, so as to successfully develop a domestic CCS industry cluster. This is a key issue that will determine whether Taiwan is able to leverage its efforts with respect to carbon reduction to stimulate the growth of new industries, develop the emerging global CCS market, and create a low-carbon economy in Taiwan. This report analyze the key issues relating to the optimization of carbon reduction costs and carbon capture and storage in Taiwan, and present strategic recommendations regarding the ways in which the government can promote the development of a CCS industry cluster in Taiwan.

A Preliminary Investigation of Taiwanese Citizens Awareness and Understainding of CCS

Carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) constitutes a vital means for combating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions at the lowest possible cost. Taiwan has the proper geological conditions for carbon dioxide sequestration; promoting CCS technology will help Taiwan to achieve its national carbon reduction goals, contribute to the maintenance of a reliable supply of energy, and support the development of emerging industries. Adopting CCS technology is a necessary for Taiwan to build a low-carbon industrial development environment and create a sustainable, low-carbon society. According to other countries’ experience with CCS projects and the implementation of major construction projects within Taiwan, public acceptance is a decisive factor that determines whether or not large-scale projects can proceed smoothly.

The understanding and support for CCS technology among the general public is a sensitive issue because of the inherent risks that accompany the technology. Both popular understanding of CCS, and support for the technology, can be strongly affected by a wide range of developments in the wider international community, by breakthroughs in energy technology development, by the adjustment of energy policy and greenhouse gas reduction strategies, by unexpected events within society and by political activity, etc. In order to gain a better understanding of how acceptable the adoption of CCS technology is to ordinary people in Taiwan, for the present study a telephone survey was conducted in Taiwan. We also held Small-scale discussion meetings to gain a more in-depth understanding of Taiwanese citizens’ feelings about global warming and climate change and the key issues that they were most concerned about with respect to CCS technology. The results obtained were synthesized to develop recommendation for ensuring effective communication with the general public when implementing CCS in the future.

台灣淨煤技術發展與產業化策略介紹

現今全球的經濟發展大量依賴著化石能源，化石能源的大量利用，不但加速地球資源的耗竭，每年排放至大氣中約300億公噸二氧化碳(約80億公噸碳)。依據目前的能源消耗速度，煤的存量約可使用133年。《京都議定書》於2005年生效之後，各國莫不積極尋求潔淨的替代能源，發展新能源技術及推動溫室氣體管制機制，以降低溫室氣體排放量。對於台灣而言，在可預見的未來數十年，煤炭等化石燃料仍將為台灣初級能源的主要來源之ㄧ，後續如何潔淨的使用燃煤以防止或減緩溫室氣體的排放，將是未來能源利用的重要課題。